Add text on Ejection Fraction and DMD.
- "Cardiomyopathy with systolic heart failure is the leading cause of death and lower LVEF is an independent predictor of mortality at younger ages in patients with DMD." (ref: https://openres.ersjournals.com/content/9/5/00176-2023)
- "Duchenne muscular dystrophy is associated with progressive cardiorespiratory failure, including left ventricular dysfunction." (ref: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8941672/)
The example below shows the results of several systolic function tests using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging.
For patients with DMD, it is important to ensure the height and weight are current since cardiac index and spirometry results are affected by body surface area (ref: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.115.003810). Height and weight are represented in the vital signs domain; see Section 6.3.13 of the SDTMIG v3.4 (https://www.cdisc.org/standards/foundational/sdtmig) for more information. The patient's age also plays a role in the assessment analysis. Age is represented in the demographics domain; see Section 5.2 of the SDTMIG v3.4 (https://www.cdisc.org/standards/foundational/sdtmig). At the point of the study, the age may be collected or referenced.
Example