Add text on Ejection Fraction and DMD.
- "Duchenne muscular dystrophy is associated with progressive cardiorespiratory failure, including left ventricular dysfunction." (ref: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8941672/)
- "The heart is also affected by the lack of dystrophin, beginning with myocardial fibrosis in the left ventricular wall behind the mitral valve, to eventually affect the entire left ventricle." (ref: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8960570/#:~:text=DMD%20leads%20to%20loss%20of,failure%20%5B9%E2%80%9311%5D.)
- "Cardiomyopathy with systolic heart failure is the leading cause of death and lower LVEF is an independent predictor of mortality at younger ages in patients with DMD." (ref: https://openres.ersjournals.com/content/9/5/00176-2023)
- "Duchenne muscular dystrophy is associated with progressive cardiorespiratory failure, including left ventricular dysfunction." (ref: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8941672/)
The example below shows a the results of several systolic function tests using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging procedure highlighting basic cardiac magnetic resonance systolic function tests such as ejection fraction and similar cardiovascular tests. Measurements such as (CMR) imaging.
For patients with DMD, it is important to ensure the height and weight are current since cardiac index and spirometry results are affected by body surface area (ref: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.115.003810). It is important in the DMD population to ensure the height and weight are current for accurate data collection (especially as the participant becomes wheelchair bound). Height and weight are represented in the vital signs domain; see Section 6.3.13 of the SDTMIG v3.4 (https://www.cdisc.org/standards/foundational/sdtmig) for more information. In addition to body surface area, age The patient's age also plays a role in the assessment analysis. The subject's age would be recorded Age is represented in the demographics domain; see Section 5.2 of the SDTMIG v3.4 (https://www.cdisc.org/standards/foundational/sdtmig). At the point of the study, the age may be collected or referenced.
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