• Numbers that begin a sentence, title, subtitle, or heading 

• Common fractions 

• Accepted usage such as idiomatic expressions and numbers used as pronouns 

• Other uses of “one” in running text (e.g., when meaning "a")
• Ordinals first through ninth
• Numbers spelled out in quotes or published titles.

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• This supplement is available to be used with other CDISC user guides for specific therapeutic/disease areas and follows the CDISC Study Data Tabulation Model Implementation Guide for Human Clinical Trials.

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Revision History

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© 2023 Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium, Inc. All rights reserved. 

1 Introduction

This document describes the CDISC implementation of the Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges instrument.

For CRFs that are created by CDISC with SME input, use this statement:  There is no known standard case report form (CRF) available for this instrument. CDISC created this CRF to represent the instrument, which CDISC believes is in the public domain. This is not an endorsement of the instrument. The creation of this instrument was based on input from PASI (TA or instrument) subject matter experts. Sponsors may create this instrument’s CRF using their style guidelines, but they need to maintain the wording and order of the questions/items and responses as described on the CRF.  (note that if you use this statement, then QRS is not spelled out for the first time until where noted below.) (the related reference article needs to be included as a footnote on the CDISC created CRF)

For CRFs that are created by CDISC based on articles, use this statement. Include the 1st sentence for articles that don't have a CRF.  If the 1st sentence is NOT included, then spell out "case report form (CRF)" in the 2nd sentence:  There is no known standard case report form (CRF) available for this instrument. CDISC created this CRF to represent the instrument, which CDISC believes is in the public domain. This is not an endorsement of the instrument. The creation of this instrument was based on published articles describing the instrument. Sponsors may create this instrument’s CRF using their style guidelines, but they need to maintain the wording and order of the questions/items and responses as described on the CRF.  (note that if you use this statement, then QRS is not spelled out for the first time until where noted below.)

The representation of data collected for this instrument is based on the Study Data Tabulation Model Implementation Guide (SDTMIG) Questionnaires (QS) domain model, which can be found on the CDISC website at: https://www.cdisc.org/standards/foundational/sdtmig.

The specific implementation details for this instrument are meant to be used in conjunction with the SDTMIG. All CDISC Questionnaires, Ratings, and Scales (QRS) documentation packages can be found on the CDISC website at: https://www.cdisc.org/standards/foundational/qrs.

The CDISC Intellectual Property Policy can be found on the CDISC website at: https://www.cdisc.org/about/bylaws.

1.1 Representations and Warranties, Limitations of Liability, and Disclaimers

This document is a supplement to the SDTMIG for Human Clinical Trials and is covered under Appendix F of that document, which describes representations, warranties, limitations of liability, and disclaimers. Please see Appendix F of the SDTMIG for a complete version of this material.

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Although the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has provided input with regard to this supplement, this input does not constitute US FDA endorsement of any particular instrument.  (Include this line only for supplements that the US FDA will be reviewing.  Please DO NOT MODIFY the sentence.)

2 Copyright Status

Stephen T Tiffany owns the copyright for the QSU-Brief instrument and has granted CDISC permission to include this supplement in the CDISC inventory of QRS data standards supplements. (For supplements that are to be distributed by the copyright holder, add: Name of copyright holder (e.g., Board of Regents of The University of Texas System) will distribute the CDISC supplement package to sponsors when they are approved to use this instrument.) Hence, CDISC developed QSTESTCD and QSTEST for each item based on the actual text on the instrument.

These materials discuss and/or include the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges-Brief (QSU-Brief), which are owned exclusively by Stephen T Tiffany. No part of the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges-Brief (QSU-Brief) may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of  Stephen T Tiffany and payment of any applicable fees. Copyright Stephen T Tiffany. All rights reserved.

The CDISC documentation of this instrument consists of: (1) controlled terminology, (2) standard database structure with examples, and (3) CRF(s) annotated with the CDISC SDTMIG variables with submission values. 

Note: CDISC Controlled Terminology is maintained by National Cancer Institute (NCI) Enterprise Vocabulary Services (EVS). The most recent version should be accessed through the CDISC website at: https://www.cdisc.org/standards/terminology/controlled-terminology.

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CDISC has developed this documentation at no cost to the copyright holder or any additional cost to users of the instrument beyond the normal license fees charged by the copyright holder.

CDISC acknowledges Stephen T Tiffany for the approval to include the QSU-Brief in the CDISC data standards.

Only include the actual references and all material used in developing the supplement on the reference section below. This should be a reference paper or a website reference in place of a paper.

Reference for the QSU-Brief:

Cox, L. S., Tiffany, S. T., and Christen, A. G. Evaluation of the brief questionnaire of smoking urges (QSU-Brief) in laboratory and clinical settings. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 3:7-16, 2001.

3 The QS Domain Model

3.1 Assumptions for the QS Domain Model

All assumptions and business rules described in the SDTMIG QS domain are applicable to this supplement. Additional assumptions specific to the QRS Short_Name are listed below.

The QRS Short_Name is a multiple-choice instrument that clinicians may use to assess the severity of depressive symptoms. It consists of 30 items, each rated on a 4-point scale. A total score between 0-84 is also captured.

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Include a description of an original score or other possible responses (You may need multiple numbered points for this, though the IDS-SR did not.). For original scores use the following language: The original scores include a numeric rating (0-3) and a definition of what is represented by the rating (e.g., 0 = "I never take longer than 30 minutes to fall asleep"). For the QRS Short_Name, QSORRES is populated with the text description while the numeric rating is represented in the standardized character and numeric result variables QSSTRESC and QSSTRESN. (Replace this sentence for instruments with text only responses with “QSORRES and QSSTRESC are populated with the text description and QSSTRESN is not represented with a numeric value”.

Include a description of the evaluation interval if one exists. This may be numeric (QSEVLINT) or text (QSEVINTX). When the evaluation interval is provided in text and cannot be described in ISO 8601 format, use QSEVINTX instead of "QSEVLINT field in ISO 8601 format" and replace "the past 7 days" with the text (e.g., "DAYTIME'". Refer to SDTMIG Section 2.2.5 Timing Variables for All Classes). The evaluation interval needs to be clearly defined on the CRF. Remove this point if it does not apply.: 

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Revision History

© 2024 Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium, Inc. All rights reserved. 

1 Introduction

This document describes the CDISC implementation of the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges-Brief (QSU-BRIEF) instrument.

CDISC did not modify this questionnaires, ratings, and scales (QRS) instrument to meet Clinical Data Acquisition Standards Harmonization (CDASH) case report form (CRF) standards.

The representation of data collected for this instrument is based on the Study Data Tabulation Model Implementation Guide (SDTMIG) Questionnaires (QS) domain model, which can be found on the CDISC website at: https://www.cdisc.org/standards/foundational/sdtmig.

The specific implementation details for this instrument are meant to be used in conjunction with the SDTMIG. All CDISC QRS documentation packages can be found on the CDISC website at: https://www.cdisc.org/standards/foundational/qrs.

The CDISC Intellectual Property Policy can be found on the CDISC website at: https://www.cdisc.org/about/bylaws.

1.1 Representations and Warranties, Limitations of Liability, and Disclaimers

This document is a supplement to the SDTMIG for Human Clinical Trials and is covered under Appendix F of that document, which describes representations, warranties, limitations of liability, and disclaimers. Please see Appendix F of the SDTMIG for a complete version of this material.

CDISC specifies how to structure the data that has been collected in a database, not what should be collected or how to conduct clinical assessments orimplement protocols. CDISC disclaims any liability for your use of this material.

2 Copyright Status

Stephen T. Tiffany owns the copyright for the QSU-BRIEF instrument and has granted CDISC permission to include this supplement in the CDISC inventory of QRS data standards supplements. Hence, CDISC developed QSTESTCD and QSTEST for each item based on the actual text on the instrument.

These materials discuss and/or include the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges-Brief (QSU-BRIEF), which are owned exclusively by Stephen T. Tiffany. No part of the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges-Brief (QSU-BRIEF) may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of  Stephen T. Tiffany and payment of any applicable fees. Copyright Stephen T. Tiffany. All rights reserved.

The CDISC documentation of this instrument consists of: (1) controlled terminology, (2) standard database structure with examples, and (3) CRF(s) annotated with the CDISC SDTMIG variables with submission values. 

Note: CDISC Controlled Terminology is maintained by National Cancer Institute (NCI) Enterprise Vocabulary Services (EVS). The most recent version should be accessed through the CDISC website at: https://www.cdisc.org/standards/terminology/controlled-terminology.

CDISC has developed this documentation at no cost to the copyright holder or any additional cost to users of the instrument beyond the normal license fees charged by the copyright holder.

CDISC acknowledges Stephen T. Tiffany for the approval to include the QSU-BRIEF in the CDISC data standards.

References for the QSU-BRIEF:

• Cox, L. S., Tiffany, S. T., and Christen, A. G. Evaluation of the brief questionnaire of smoking urges (QSU-BRIEF) in laboratory and clinical settings. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 3:7-16, 2001.

3 The QS Domain Model

3.1 Assumptions for the QS Domain Model

All assumptions and business rules described in the SDTMIG QS domain are applicable to this supplement. Additional assumptions specific to the QSU-BRIEF are listed below.

The QSU-BRIEF is a self-report instrument used to assess the severity of craving to smoke. The QSU-Brief Form contains 10 items and is intended to represent 2 factors and a general factor. The factor 1 scale is represented by the average score of items 1, 3, 6, 7, and 10; the factor 2 scale is represented by the average score of items 4, 8, and 9. The general factor scale is represented by the overall average score derived from all 10 items.

1. The original scores include a numeric rating (0-100) in increments of 10, and a definition of what the ratings represent at the scale anchors (e.g., 0 = "Strongly Disagree" and 100 = "Strongly Agree"). For the QSU-BRIEF, QSORRES is populated with the text description; the numeric rating is represented in the standardized character and numeric result variables QSSTRESC and QSSTRESN.  All other numeric values are stored in QSORRES, QSSTRESC and QSSTRESN.

2. The numeric rating scale used in the QSU-BRIEF includes text and numeric values as indicated in the SUPPQS domain with:

   QNAM = "QSANTXLO"     QNAM = "QSANTXHI"

   QNAM = "QSANVLLO"     QNAM = "QSANVLHI"
   By storing this information in SUPPQS, it is available for interpretation purposes.
3. For questionnaire items QSTESTCD = "QSUB0101" to QSTESTCD ="QSUB0110", QSMETHOD is populated with "NUMERICAL RATING SCALE 11-POINT". The numeric rating scale represents the item-level ratings from 0 = "Strongly Disagree" to 100 = "Strongly Agree" in increments of 10.
4. The time period of evaluation for the QSU-BRIEF is populated in the QSEVINTX field as an evaluation interval text value, since it cannot be precisely described as an ISO 8601 duration. The evaluation interval for the QSU-BRIEF is "RIGHT NOW" (QSEVINTX = "RIGHT NOW").
5. Records are created in qs.xpt for every instrument item: 

   1. For items with no data, QSORRES, QSSTRESC, and QSSTRESN are all missing and QSSTAT = "NOT DONE". If the reason is known then that reason is represented in QSREASND (e.g., QSREASND = "PREFER NOT TO ANSWER"). If the reason is unknown, then QSSTAT = "NOT DONE" and QSREASND is missing.

   2. Due to the variability of copyright holder and public domain derived subscore and overall score generation processes, records are not included for derived subscores or overall scores that are not provided.

6. The QSU-BRIEF instrument includes an overall score and 2 subscoresthat are considered as captured data on the instrument and is not considered as derived in the example below. These scores may be submitted in SDTM or derived in the Analysis Data Model (ADaM) per scoring instructions from Stephen T. Tiffany.

   1. Subscores and overall scores are represented in QSORRES, QSSTRESC, and QSSTRESN.
   2. If subscores or overall scores are received or derived by the sponsor, it is recommended that they are submitted to SDTM and verified in ADaM whenever feasible. It is the sponsor's responsibility to do this verification based on the instrument's user manual or instructions from the copyright owner.

7. Terminology

   1. QSCAT, QSTESTCD, and QSTEST values are included in CDISC Controlled Terminology.

   2. A full list of value sets for the result fields is provided in Section 4, SDTM Mapping Strategy.

3.2 Example for the QSU-BRIEF QS Domain Model

The QSU-BRIEF example below shows the terminology used to implement the instrument in the QS domain. This example shows the data for 1 subject collected at the baseline visit and VISITNUM = 2 for the QSU-BRIEF instrument. The example uses CDISC Controlled Terminology for QSTESTCD, QSTEST, and QSCAT. All original results, matching the CRF item response text, are represented in QSORRES. This result is then represented as a standard numeric score in QSSTRESN and as a standard character representation in QSSTRESC.

The table represents the items from the QSU-BRIEF instrument.

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Records are created in qs.xpt for every instrument item: 

1. For items with no data, QSORRES, QSSTRESC, and QSSTRESN are all missing and QSSTAT = "NOT DONE". If the reason is known then that reason is represented in QSREASND (e.g., QSREASND = "PREFER NOT TO ANSWER"). If the reason is unknown, then QSSTAT = "NOT DONE" and QSREASND is missing.

2. Due to the variability of copyright holder and public domain derived subscore and overall score generation processes, records are not included for derived subscores or overall scores that are not provided.

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If the instrument standards currently being developed includes conditionally branched items, insert: Some items on the QRS Short_Name may be conditionally branched per the instrument instructions. Only one of the 2 oxygen saturation scales (RSTESTCD = "NEWS102" or "NEWS103") is completed for each subject. The other will be treated as a conditionally branched item. In addition, item RSTESTCD = "NEWS104A" is only completed when the response to RSTESTCD = "NEWS104" is the amount of oxygen received (in L/min). A record is created in rs.xpt for all items. When an item is considered a conditionally branched item, it is represented as follows:

When assigned with conditionally branched responses are not documented in the instrument’s instructions or a user manual:

1. QNAM = “QSCBRFL”, QLABEL = “Conditional Branched Item Flag“, QVAL = “Y” (this is a QS supplemental qualifier variable related to the record).
2. QSORRES, QSSTRESC, and QSSTRESN are set to null (missing).

When assigned conditionally branched responses are documented in instructions or a user manual:

1. QNAM = “QSCBRFL”, QLABEL = “Conditional Branched Item Flag“, QVAL = “Y” (this is a QS supplemental qualifier variable).
2. The QSORRES responses are represented as follows:
1. For severity items, QSORRES = "None".
2. For interference items, QSORRES = "Not at all".
3. If numeric response values are assigned, they are represented here: QSSTRESC = 0 and QSSTRESN = 0.

   or if no numeric responses are assigned: QSSTRESC = NULL and QSSTRESN = NULL.

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Include this point if overall score(s) are submitted to SDTM. Update blue text: The QRS Short_Name instrument includes an overall score (and subscores or other scores as needed.  If so, change "that is" to "that are") that is considered as captured data on the instrument and is not considered as derived in the example below. These scores may be submitted in SDTM or derived in the Analysis Data Model (ADaM) per scoring instructions from [Insert copyright holder's name or other source.].

1. Subscores and overall scores are represented in--ORRES, --STRESC, and --STRESN.
2. If subscores or overall scores are received or derived by the sponsor, it is recommended that they are submitted to SDTM and verified in ADaM whenever feasible. It is the sponsors repsonsibility to do this verification based on the instrument's user manual or instructions from the copyright owner.

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The SUPPQUAL variables used are a series of non-standard variables that represent collected administrator information, administration device, etc., and these updated SUPPQUAL variables are included in the WIKI non-standard variable registry (Non-standard Variable Registry). For example:

1. PPRAID which is "Preprinted Administrator Identifier".
2. COLAVL which is "Collected Administrator Value".

The supplement version 1.0 of the FAS-NACC UDS V3.0 instrument shows an implementation example.

The QRS Short_Name instrument collects administrative information as the preprinted examiner’s initials and the collected response. This is represented in the SUPPQUAL variable QNAM = --PPRAID” with QNAM = “Preprinted Administrator Identifier” and QVAL = “EXAMINER’S INITIALS”. The collected initials response is represented with QNAM = “--COLAID” and QNAM = “Collected Administrator Identifier” and QVAL = “ADM1”.

This is part of the data example for the SUPPQUAL variables.

The SUPPRS table represents the preprinted and collected administrative items represented on the CRF. 

 supprs.xpt

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Include this point if there are comments at the end of the instrument. Remove this point if it does not apply.: Comments located at the end of the QRS Short_Name will be recorded in the Comments domain (CO). All assumptions and business rules described in the SDTMIG CO domain are applicable.

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Include this point if there are responses over 200 characters. Remove this point if it does not apply: Some responses to the QRS Short_Name items exceeded the 200-character limit for the QSORRES variable and needed to be reduced to fewer than 200 characters. Section 4, SDTM Mapping Strategy, indicates which item responses were revised in order to fit the 200-character limit.

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Terminology

1. QSCAT, QSTESTCD, QSTEST, QSORRES, QSSTRESC, and QSSTRESN (and other variables such as QSORRESU as needed; only include QSORRES, QSSTRESC, and QSSTRESN if the responses are published in CT with public domains instruments) values are included in CDISC Controlled Terminology.

2. A full list of value sets for the qualifier, timing, result, and unit fields is provided in Section 4, SDTM Mapping Strategy. (Note: Only the result field is always used. Include qualifier, timing, and unit fields as needed and remove this note.)

3.2 Example for the QRS Short_Name QS Domain Model

The QRS Short_Name example below shows the terminology used to implement the instrument in the QS domain. This example shows the data for 1 subject collected at the baseline visit for the QRS Short_Name instrument. The example uses CDISC Controlled Terminology for QSTESTCD, QSTEST, and QSCAT. All original results, matching the CRF item response text, are represented in QSORRES. When there are numeric results, then use this sentence next, "This result is then represented as a standard numeric score in QSSTRESN and as a standard character representation in QSSTRESC." When the results are character only, then use these sentences next, "This result is then transformed into the standard character representation in QSSTRESC. QSSTRESN is null as there are no standardized numeric results for this instrument."

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Update the data in the table below to the current instrument. Include row descriptions as needed to highlight idiosyncrasies or items otherwise of note in this particular instrument. If only 1 or 2 row descriptions are needed, then the information should be included as a paragraph instead.

For the not done visit that is now being included in all QRS supplements, when no reason is collected, information should be included, either in the paragraph before, or as a row description as follows:

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When the reason is collected for a not done visit, information or a row description should be added as follows:

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