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A universally unique identifier (UUID) is a 128-bit label used for information in computer systems. The term globally unique identifier (GUID) is also used.

OIDs that need to be referenced from other files like a Study OID could be represented with an UUID or other mechanism that renders a unique ID (e.g., ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier of the study “ClinicalTrials.gov.NCT12345678”; NASDAQ’s #: (“nasdaq<#>/STUDYXYZ”). 

Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) or Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRI) are also useful mechanisms for referring to external entities; some examples are:

The preference is to use persistent URIs for these contexts (i.e. URIs that should exist so any future references can be followed and understood).

NOTE: when using these concepts in an evaluable context, the recommended approach is to use the Coding Element.

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