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To assess The objective of population modeling is to study the impact to of tobacco products on the population as a whole, estimations or real-world data reflecting product risk and behavior are used to assess changes in mortality or morbidity in a population. 

Post-market (research purpose - 7/14/22 - team feels this can be handled by writing. Revisit after we're done the population modeling section)
Updating previous modeling work based on real-world evidence once the product is marketed. e.g., updating transition probabilities.

Includes additional data from the following, which serve as inputs to updating the inputs described in the previous section on population modeling:

• surveys
• obs studies (longitudinal cross-sectional)
• EHR (retrospective)

Parameters used as inputs to population modeling; not subject-level data. 

Models are made up of  inputs, programs/coding, and outputs

• inputs: come from specific studies, published lit, gov't databases (census data, etc)
  • everything has to be extrapolated to the population level; inputs are not subject-level
  • categories of inputs
    • Product risk
      • need input from Unknown User (a.paredes) . Come back to later, time permitting
    • transition probabilities/rates (behavior)
      • initial population (file) - describing states of tobacco use covered by the model
      • transition probability (file)
    • population attributes broken down by demographic characteristics (files)
      • birth rate 
      • morbidity/mortality 
      • initial tobacco prevalence
      • immigration rates 
• programs/coding
  • ...
• Outputs
  • ...

. Input parameters include demographic information, tobacco use transition probability, and mortality and/or morbidity. Input parameters are typically derived from population-level sources (e.g., census data or other population-level surveys). However, depending on the objective, other sources of data may be used. When using these other sources, steps should be taken

Input parameters are an important component of model development, verification, and validation. In many population models in a tobacco research setting, input parameters are used to incorporate tobacco use behaviors and risks that occur under scenarios of interest—for example, models to evaluate the health impact associated with introducing a new tobacco or policy that may result in product switching, dual use, or polytobacco use. Input parameters may be obtained from a variety of data sources, and depending on the objectives of the model, they may include population surveys representative of the population of interest (e.g., population distribution, birth rates, migration rates, death/other morbidity rates, tobacco product use behavior prevalence). This section provides a characterization of several classes input parameters informative in developing the TIG.  

In this section, the inputs to these models and how they are represented in CDISC standards for submission to a regulatory authority are discussed. Model outputs are not currently covered in this section but may be covered in a later release. However, regulatory agencies expect full information to replicate the analysis based in the outputs.

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