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In tobacco studies, biomarkers to assess exposure to tobacco products and biomarkers of potential harm are both of interest. These biomarkers are used to characterize exposure to constituents present in tobacco products (such as HPHCs) and to determine the potential health impact from use of these products. These biomarkers could be indicative of exposure to tobacco products or could be related to diet or environmental exposure.

Biomarkers of exposure may be the constituents or their metabolites.

• Biomarkers of Exposure
  • metabolites of  compounds derived from cigarette smoke or other tobacco products
• Biomarkers of Potential Harm
  • indicative of healthy vs disease states
  • may look for improvement of health by way of changes over time
• Functional Endpoint biomarkers (
  • cardiac function
  )
  • respiratory system function

24 hour urine collected by sponsor (volume represented here)→ Urine aliquots sent to lab→ testing done→ results sent to sponsor (units of conc)→ sponsor converts to units/24hr  

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